The Word “I” and Its Role in Governance
Hassan Rezaei
A study of political history shows that whenever the word “I” prevails over “We” in governance, it triggers a chain of negative consequences such as corruption, instability, the collapse of social institutions, and the stagnation of development. In such systems, individual replaces collective wisdom, and national interests are overshadowed by authoritarian desires. Imam Ali, in his letter to Malik al-Ashtar, warns against the arrogance of rulers, considering it the root of corruption, the decay of religion, and the downfall of government.
A clear example of this phenomenon can be found in Mao’s rule over China. In the second decade of his leadership, Mao launched the Cultural Revolution to consolidate his power—an upheaval that brought nothing but disaster, poverty, and oppression. The obsession with “I” had penetrated Mao’s very being, turning him into a despotic and authoritarian ruler. His propaganda machine portrayed him as a godlike figure in the public mind. Through absolute control, suppression of elites, elimination of opponents, and weakening of legal institutions, he established a society based on a “cult of personality.” The Cultural Revolution not only stifled scientific and economic progress but also shut down universities and industries, spread unemployment, and caused famine and the death of millions. A society that could have become a driving force of global development instead sank into stagnation and chaos due to the dominance of “I” over “We.”
Japan offers another striking example under Emperor Hirohito, who ruled with the constructed image of being the “Son of Heaven” and held absolute power. With a strong inclination toward militarism and emotional decision-making, he dragged Japan into World War II. The outcome of this authoritarianism was catastrophic: human tragedy and massive destruction following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. After Japan’s defeat and the end of the emperor’s so-called divine status, opportunities arose for institutional reforms, investment in education, and innovation. From the ruins, Japan emerged as one of the world’s leading economic and technological powers.
Historical experience demonstrates that autocratic, individual-centered governance leaves no room for creativity or innovation. In such systems, thinkers and experts are marginalized, while major policies are driven by personal pride or short-term interests. In contrast, governance based on “We” and collective wisdom enables error correction, inclusion of diverse perspectives, and prevention of large-scale crises.
Ultimately, wherever “I” dominates “We,” the outcome is nothing but tyranny, backwardness, and instability. Only by shifting from individual-centered to collective governance can societies achieve development, social justice, and the flourishing of their national capacities.
TECODH (2003) is a private, non-profit research company dedicated to innovation in social sciences, publishes analytical articles and organizes academic meetings and workshops to provide a platform for the exchange of ideas.